Basically, the automotive industry includes the manufacturing of motor vehicles, as well as the design, development, marketing, and selling of such vehicles. It’s one of the largest industries in the world, both in terms of its revenues and the number of companies involved in it.
Front-engine rear-wheel drive
Throughout the 20th century, the most common automotive layout was front-engine, rear-wheel drive (FRWD). Front-engine rear-wheel drive layouts placed the engine behind the front axle and the driven wheels at the rear. While the design was traditional, it is now rare in passenger cars.
This layout has some inherent advantages, but it has its own set of disadvantages. One of the biggest drawbacks is that the weight of the engine up front can lead to an increased center of gravity and body roll. This can reduce the grip of the rear wheels, resulting in understeer when accelerating or braking hard.
Another disadvantage is that the weight of the rear end can come around in mid-corner turns. Because of the weight, the front tires must be able to handle a lot of braking and acceleration forces. This can result in less responsive steering and reduce the lifespan of the front tires.
Hybrid vehicle power source
PHEV is a hybrid vehicle powered by two or more drives. One drive is the engine, the other is the electric motor. Using two drives allows the vehicle to have a greater range and efficiency.
The power source used to power the motor of the plug-in hybrid vehicle is called a power source apparatus. This device is similar to a power socket, but it is used as a mobile power source for the motor of the vehicle.
The power source apparatus is made of a number of batteries and a charging and discharging system. This device is a good alternative to a generator for powering an electric vehicle. It also works well as a backup power source for traffic signals when there is a power outage.
Electronic stability control system
ESC is an electronic system used to control engine torque and braking, reducing rollovers and untripped rollovers. It can also help to keep the vehicle on track by reducing engine torque in the presence of high lateral acceleration or severe understeer.
The NHTSA proposed a rule requiring electronic stability control systems on large buses with a GVWR greater than 11,793 kg. The rule does not apply to buses built on monocoque construction, such as transit buses, school buses, and van-based buses. However, it does apply to buses with perimeter seating. The rule also defines the capabilities and equipment necessary to meet the rule’s requirements.
A stability control system consists of several parts, including a steering wheel angle sensor to detect changes in lateral acceleration. The ESC then applies brake force to selected wheel ends to decelerate the vehicle.
Dealer holdback
Despite its widespread use in the automotive industry, many consumers are still unclear about what dealer holdback is and how it may benefit them. Understanding this important piece of the puzzle can make your car purchase much easier.
A dealer holdback is a form of profit that dealerships earn from the manufacturer. This profit is not part of the selling price, but instead a percentage of the MSRP (Manufacturer’s Suggested Retail Price). It is generally 1-3 percent of the total MSRP. It helps cover the costs of keeping inventory stocked.
The holdback is also a good way for dealerships to advertise cars at invoice prices. This is because it reduces variable sales expenses. The money is reimbursed to the dealership by the manufacturer after the car has been sold.
Patent controversies
During the early years of the automotive industry, patent controversies occurred. Car manufacturers and suppliers were divided over how to license essential standards. The result was a number of lawsuits between automotive OEMs and suppliers.
Today, the automotive industry has a more complex competitive environment. Many new players are now competing against car makers. These players are not bound by the traditions of the automakers and are used to vigorous litigation.
This has led to increased patent activity and litigation in the automotive sector. As new players enter the field, the need to defend patents becomes greater.
Several car manufacturers are involved in patent disputes with automakers, suppliers, and technology companies. Many of these disputes are related to design patents on auto parts. Some companies have sued their suppliers for infringing design patents. Those cases are still ongoing.
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